Dewoitine D.37

The Dewoitine 371 was a 1930s French-built monoplane fighter aircraft.

The D.371 was a single-seat aircraft of conventional configuration. Its fixed landing gear used a tailskid. The open cockpit was located slightly aft of the parasol wing. The radial engine allowed for a comparatively wide fuselage and cockpit.

In spite of its superior speed, this design failed to impress and was even refused when exported to Lithuania in 1935. An important competitor of the Dewoitine 371 was the Polish PZL P.24, a similar type but with better speed and armament. In 1936, at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, 12 or 14 of them were sold, unofficially, to the Spanish Republic as part of a squadron of volunteers organized secretly by André Malraux, named España. They were, however, unarmed due to the political stance of the French government that declared its neutrality very early.

In August of the same year, after some negotiations with the French government, three fully armed D.371s arrived in Barcelona, piloted by the mercenary pilots M. Poulain, René Halotier and Henri Rozés. They saw action as escorts of a bombing raid against Talavera de la Reina, Toledo that destroyed the headquarters of General Juan Yagüé. These three D.371s had successfully defended their bombers against the attacks of six German Heinkel He 51 biplane fighters - an older-design aircraft with inferior performance.

The Squadron España operated with these aircraft until the arrival of the modern Polikarpov I-15 and I-16, at which time the three Dewoitine 371s were withdrawn from the front and continued as training aircraft. However, they reappeared later in some squadrons and one is known to have flown with the 71 Fighter Group by the Yugoslav (Slovenian) volunteer pilot Josip Križaj. All Dewoitines left were practically destroyed after having been bombed by the Legion Condor aircraft in the airfield of Bañolas. This type was not used by the French in World War II.

Variants
D.371
Initial version. Equipped with wheel brakes. Two machine guns were mounted in the wings, outside the propeller arc.

D.372
Follow-on version. Not equipped with wheel brakes. Two machine guns were mounted in the engine cowling, synchronized to fire through the propeller arc, and two more were mounted in the wings, outside the propeller arc. Some had an armament of two 20 mm cannon in underwing fairings instead.

D.373
Single-seat fighter version for the French Navy. 
Used also by the Spanish Republican Air Force.

D.376
Folding-wing version for the French Navy.
Operators
French Air Force
French navy
Spanish Republican Air Force

General characteristics
Crew: one
Length: 7.44 m 
Wingspan: 11.79 m 
Height: 3.19 m 
Wing area: 17.82 m² 
Empty weight: 1,295 kg 
Loaded weight: 1,730 kg 
Powerplant: × Gnôme-Rhône K-14 or 14Kds radial engine, 597 kW (800 hp) 
Maximum speed: 400 km/h at 4,500 m 
Range: 1,150 km 
Service ceiling: 11003 m
Armament: 2x Machine guns