Macchi C.200

Macchi 200 Saetta (suom. Salama) on Aeronautica Macchin valmistama ja Mario Castoldin suunnittelema italialainen hävittäjälentokone. Ensilentonsa 24. joulukuuta 1937 lentänyt kone otettiin palveluskäyttöön lokakuussa 1939. 

Se oli yksi Italian ilmavoimien suosituimmista hävittäjistä toisessa maailmansodassa. Koneita valmistettiin kaikkiaan 1 150 kappaletta. Useat taistelukoneet varustettiin lähinnä lämpimistä toimintaolosuhteista johtuen osittaisella avo-ohjaamolla lentäjien toivomuksesta. 
Konetyypistä kehitettiin tehokkaampi versio MC.201, jossa oli 1 000 hv (746 kW) tehoinen tähtimoottori. Se ei kuitenkaan saapunut tuotantoon. Humblen mukaan konetyyppi kärsi heikentyneestä suorituskyvystä yläkorkeuksissa sekä heikosta aseistuksesta.
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The Macchi C.200 Saetta (Italian: both Arrow or Lightning), or MC.200, was a World War II fighter aircraft built by Aeronautica Macchi in Italy, and used in various forms throughout the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force). The MC.200 had excellent manoeuvrability and general flying characteristics left little to be desired. Stability in a high-speed dive was exceptional, but it was underpowered and underarmed for a modern fighter.

Macchi C.200 Full story

From the time Italy entered war on 10 June 1940, until the armistice of 8 September 1943, the C. 200 flew more operational sorties than any Italian aircraft. The Saetta ranged over Greece, North Africa, Yugoslavia, France, across the Mediterranean and Russia (where it obtained an excellent kill to loss ratio of 88 to 15). 

Its very strong all-metal construction and air-cooled engine made the aircraft ideal for ground attack and several units flew it as a fighter-bomber. Over 1,000 were built by the time the war ended

In August 1939 about 30 C.200s, by then nicknamed Saetta ("Arrow"), were delivered to 10° Gruppo of 4° Stormo, stationed in North Africa. Pilots of this elite unit of the Regia Aeronautica opposed the adoption of the C.200, preferring the more manouvrable Fiat CR.42. 

These aircraft were then transferred to 6° Gruppo of 1° Stormo in Sicily, who were enthusiastic supporters of the new fighter, and Gruppo 152° of 54° Stormo in Vergiate. When Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940, 144 C.200s were operational, half of which were serviceable. Although the first 240 aircraft had fully enclosed cockpits, the subsequent variants were given open cockpits at the request of the Italian pilots.

The first C.200s to make their combat debut were those of the 6° Gruppo Autonomo C.T. led by Tenente Colonnello (Wing Commander) Armando Francois. This squadron was based at the Sicilian airport of Catania Fontanarossa. A Saetta from this unit was the first C.200 to be lost in combat when on 23 June 1940 14 C.200s (eight from 88a Squadriglia, five from 79a Squadriglia and one from 81a Squadriglia) that were escorting 10 SM.79s from 11° Stormo were intercepted by two Gloster Gladiators. 

Gladiator N5519, piloted by Flt Lt George Burges, attacked the bombers but was in turn attacked by a C.200 flown by Sergente Maggiore Lamberto Molinelli of 71a Squadriglia over the sea off Sliema. The Macchi overshot four or five times the more agile Gladiator which eventually shot down the Saetta.

Only on 1 November were the C.200s credited with their first kill. A Sunderland on a reconnaissance mission was sighted and attacked just outside Augusta by a flight of Saettas on patrol. With the arrival towards the end of December 1940 of X Fliegerkorps in Sicily, the C.200s were assigned escort duty for I/StG.1 and II/StG.2 Ju 87 bombers attacking Malta, as the Stukas did not have adequate fighter cover until the arrival of 7./JG26's Bf 109s.

On 6 February 1941, the elite unit 4° Stormo received C.200s from 54° Stormo. With the autorotation problems solved, the Macchis were regarded as "very good machines, fast, manoeuvrable and strong" by Italian pilots. 
After intense training, on 1 April 1941, the 10° Gruppo (4° Stormo) moved to Ronchi dei Legionari airport and started active service.

In combat with the less manoueverable Hurricane it proved effective, with outstanding dogfight performance and no vices. When it entered service, the Supermarine Spitfire was the only Allied fighter that it faced which could outclimb the Saetta.

Specifications 
Macchi C.200 early series
General
Crew: 1
Length: 8.25 m 
Wingspan: 10.58 m 
Height: 3.05 m 
Wing area: 16.82 m² 
Empty weight: 1,964 kg
Loaded weight: 2,200 kg 
Max. takeoff weight: 2,395 kg 
Powerplant: 1 × Fiat A.74 R.C.38 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 650 kW (870 hp) at 2,520 rpm for takeoff
Maximum speed: 504 km/h at 4,500 m Range: 570 km 
Service ceiling: 8,900 m 
Rate of climb: 15.3 m/s 
Wing loading: 131.7 kg/m² 
Power/mass: 0.286 kW/kg 
Armament: 2× 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, 370 rpg
Some aircraft were field-modified to carry up to 8× 15 kg, 2× 50, 100, or 150 kg bombs under the wings